2^nd International Conference and Exhibition on Dual Diagnosis May 18-19, 2017 Munich, Germany

In 1800s and early 1900s, individuals dependent on opioids were primarily developed and from middle socioeconomic groups. However, since the 2000s, minorities and lower socioeconomic groups have been recognised with Opioid dependence. It shows availability of opioids and subcultural factors in opioid use.

Psychiatric disorders and Addiction occurs together in Dual diagnosis. Over 60% of drug abusers and 50% alcohol users have minimum one serious mental illness, all are diagnosed as mentally ill around 30% abuse alcohol, drugs.

Frequent psychiatric problems that occur with addiction are depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia and personality disorders. People suffer from panic disorder or major depressive disorder is more often to abuse alcohol and drugs.

Alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, cannabis and opioids are commonly used drugs in drug abuse. Pharmacotherapies approved for treatment are replacement therapies such as buprenorphine and methadone. Antagonist medications like disulfiram and naltrexone. Other medications, that are effective includes bupropion and modafinil. Methadone and buprenorphine are effective on opiate addiction. Reports justify that 43.7 million Americans ages 15 experienced mental illness. In the past year, 25.7 million adults had a substance use disorder. In those 8.4 million people had both a mental disorder and substance use disorder, also known as co-occurring mental and drug use disorders.

Drugs commonly capable of recreational use are ethanol, cannabis, nicotine, caffeine, and substances within the scope of the United Nations' Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. In 2012 it was estimated that about 3% to 6% of people use non-legal drugs. Domestic and International law enforcement agencies are occupied with interdiction efforts against illegal drug use, production, and circulation.

Globally cannabis usage is seen in 129-190 million people, next is amphetamines, cocaine and opioids. According to the American Medical Association 13.5 % of the US population has an Alcohol Abuse Disorder. Alcohol Abuse disorders are particularly common among bipolar disorders patients, with a long term prevalence of 50%. Nearly, US$ 200 billion-250 billion would be required to cover all costs related to drug treatment worldwide.

Bipolar disorder is also commonly named as Manic-depressive illness, treated by mood stabilizers but sometimes, antidepressants and antipsychotics are used along with a mood stabilizer. Disorders in Anxiety are treated using b-blockers, anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications. Drugs like Methylphenidate, Amphetamine which acts as stimulants are used to for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder occurring in both adults and children. Many types of psychological treatments are proven to be effective.

Drug induced disorder is identified by use of one or many drugs results to a clinical impairment or distress. Alcohol related dementia is a form of dementia caused by long-term, excessive drinking, leads to neurological damage and impaired mental condition. Drugs like amphetamines, or its substitutes, are known to induce "Amphetamine psychosis" when they are abused. 

In 1800s and early 1900s, individuals dependent on opioids were primarily developed and from middle socioeconomic groups. However, since the 2000s, minorities and lower socioeconomic groups have been recognised with Opioid dependence. It shows availability of opioids and subcultural factors in opioid use. Therefore, medical professionals are at higher risk for developing opioid-related disorders.

Recent clinical studies have shown that between 30% and 60% of drug abusers have mental health diagnoses Depression, Schizophrenia, and Manic illness disorders. Drug Addiction is a typical of disorder involves the interaction of environmental factors and genetic factors to increase the susceptibility of an individual to addictive behaviour. 

Dual diagnosis is the condition of suffering from a mental disorder and a co-occurring substance abuse problem. Any patient can have a "dual diagnosis" and treated primarily for an addiction disorder can have a “co-occurring mental disorder”. Like depression and alcoholism.

Addiction related brain and behaviour disorders, which include psychiatric diagnoses, like schizophrenia, mania, depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Medical recognition of addiction, accept as a medical disorder, and treatment options for addiction is noticed in schizophrenia, manic illness disorder, and major depressive disorder. Similarly, major questions concern of pathology of addiction including the genetic and environmental factors, neurochemical and neurogenic changes, and the course of the illness.

Around half of alcoholics have mood disorders and more prevalent to have a major depressive disorder. Among people with Alcohol dependence, 37% meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder. Even tobacco use is linked to psychiatric disorders. In patients with depression, smoking prevalence rates are as high as 70%. Smoking rates are also elevated in people with panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia.

Addictive disorder is a psychiatric chronic disease of brain reward system, motivation, and memory. Leads to inability to control behaviour, leads to habitual changes, and which affects a person from recovery of substance. Reason for Addictive disorder is substance abuse or activity that gives us pleasure and a genetic variance that increases our interest. Addiction is genetically developed in our psychological system, social and environmental factors that lead to excessive and prolonged usage, tolerance and withdrawal and negative consequences. 

Reports justify that 43.7 million Americans ages 15 experienced mental illness. In the past year, 25.7 million adults had a substance use disorder. In those 8.4 million people had both a mental disorder and substance use disorder, also known as co-occurring mental and drug use disorders.

Drug dependence is an adaptive state that results from repeated drug usage, and which results in withdrawal upon stopping drug use. Drug addiction is a different criterion from substance dependence, which is an addictive, unconditional drug use, results severe problems.